Forest Emission Factor Database

A large deciduous tree, up to 30 m tall, with milky latex, young shoots covered with long hairs. Leaves simple, alternate, petiolate and stipulate, stipules large, amplexicaul, juvenile leaves (of seedlings, saplings and coppice) very large, up to 90 cm long, lobed or pinnatifid, adult leaves (of mature parts) elliptic-ovate, 15-20 × 12-16 cm, hispid, with subcordate or rounded base, obtuse apex and entire to minutely serrate margin. Plant monoecious, flowers densely crowded on globose receptacles, receptacles pedunculate, solitary and axillary. Fruit a syncarp, globose, tuberculate, 7-10 cm across. Seeds oblong, c 1.2 cm long.

No Data

A medium-sized to large semi-evergreen tree. Plant exudes white viscid latex when injured. Leaves simple, alternate, petiolate, stipules large, 1.5-8.0 × 0.5-3.0 cm, ovate, acute, deciduous, leathery, ovate-elliptic to elliptic, 5-25 × 3-12 cm, base cuneate, margin entire, apex obtuse, rounded with short pointed tip, dark green above and pale green beneath. Female and male inflorescence borne on the same plant. Female inflorescence usually borne axillary on special lateral, short leafy shoots arising from main trunk and older branches. Male inflorescence smaller in size, usually borne on the upper and smaller branches. After anthesis male inflorescence turns black and drop down. Pollination may be affected by flies and beetles or by wind. Female inflorescence after fertilization of its flowers develop into fruit and mature after 3-5 months. Fruits barrel or pear-shaped, 30-100 × 25-50 cm, with short warts outside and a central receptacle inside.

A large deciduous tree, up to 20 m tall, with a dense spreading crown, young shoots villous tomentose. Leaves simple, alternate, petiolate, petioles 1.0-2.5 cm long, lamina elliptic, ovate or oblong, 15-25 × 6-15 cm, coriaceous, base obliquely rounded or cordate, margin entire, apex shortly acuminate, tomentose beneath, glabrescent above. Plant monoecious, male and female heads borne separately on the same plant. Male receptacle almost sessile, up to 3 cm in diameter, hairy. Female receptacle pedunculate, up to 10 cm in diameter, irregularly lobed, velvety. Fruit a syncarp, globose, irregularly lobed, orange-red when ripe, soft and fleshy. Seeds white, oblong.

No Data

No Data

No Data

A moderate-sized deciduous tree, up to 20 m tall, bark dark grey, smooth, branchlets densely pubescent. Leaves spirally arranged, stipulate, stipules 1.5-2.0 × 0.8-1.0 cm, triangular-ovate, densely hairy, petiolate, petioles 2.3-8.0 cm long, leaf blade broadly ovate to narrowly elliptic-ovate, simple or 3-5 lobed on young trees, 6-18 × 5-9 cm, apex acuminate, base cordate and asymmetric, margin coarsely serrate, abaxially densely pubescent but veins with coarser hairs, adaxially scabridulous and sparsely pubescent, secondary veins 6-7 pairs. Male inflorescence: spicate, 3-8 cm long, bracts lanceolate, pubescent. Female inflorescence: globose, bracts clavate, apically pubescent. Flowers always produced on leafy stem. Male flowers with 4 calyx lobes, lobes triangular-ovate and pubescent, anthers globose. Female flowers with calyx lobes apically connate with styles, ovary ovoid, stigmas linear, pubescent. Syncarp orange-red when mature, 1.5-3.0 cm in diameter, mostly pubescent, fleshy. Drupelets equal in length to peduncle, with 2 rows of small verruca, exocarp shell-like.

No Data

A large spreading tree with aerial roots, up to 35 m tall, bark grey, smooth, branches drying brown, branchlets pubescent. Twigs angular, minutely whitish puberulous to glabrous. Leaves spirally arranged, stipulate, stipules 2-4 cm long, densely whitish puberulous, caducous, petiolate, petioles 2-5 cm long, glabrous, leaf blade ovate to broadly ovate-elliptic, 10-22 × 7-12 cm, coriaceous, glabrous, shortly acuminate at the apex, attenuate to rounded at the base, margin entire, lateral veins 7-10 pairs, basal pairs distinct, branched, straight or slightly curved, tertiary venation reticulate, slightly prominent below, waxy glands present at the base of midrib. Figs axillary on leafy branchlets, paired, red or yellow at maturity, 1.3-2.8 cm long, sometimes pubescent when very young, glabrous when mature, apical pore navel-like, convex, sessile, basal bracts 3, unequal, 1-3 mm long, often connate, persistent, involucral bracts hood-like, covering young fig, caducous, apex broadly obtuse, receptacle ellipsoid, c 1.5 cm in diameter when dry, glabrous, red at maturity. Male, gall and female flowers within the same fig. Male flowers scattered, calyx lobes 4, transparent, membranous, stamen 1. Gall flowers with 4 sepals, styles subapical, long. Female flowers sessile, sepals 4, styles elongated. Fruit an achene, tuberculate.

A shrub or small tree, up to 15 m tall, branchlets often drying brown to blackish. Twigs shortly hispidulous to subglabrous, scabridulous. Leaves distichous, stipulate, stipules 0.3-0.8 cm long, linear-lanceolate, glabrous, caducous, petiolate, petioles 0.4-1.0 cm long, shortly hispidulous, leaf blade oblong to elliptic or subovate, 4-10 × 2-5 cm, subcoriaceous to chartaceous, acuminate to caudate at the apex, cuneate, obtuse or rounded at the base, margin entire, revolute, upper surface minutely hispidulous, scabrous to smooth, occasionally shining, lower surface shortly hispidulous to glabrous, lateral veins 3-8 pairs, the basal pair unbranched, tertiary venation laxly scalariform to reticulate, waxy glands in the axils of basal lateral veins. Figs axillary, solitary or in pairs, pedunculate, peduncles up to 2 cm long, peduncular bracts 1-3, scattered, receptacles globose, 0.4-1.2 cm in diameter when dry, hispidulous, with few small or without lateral bracts, yellowish to reddish or purple at maturity. Gall flowers sessile or shortly pedicellate, calyx lobes 4, ovary globose to obliquely ovate, styles short, lateral, stigmas slightly 2-lobed. Female flowers subsessile to pedicellate, calyx lobes 4 or 5, ovary obliquely globose, styles long, glabrous, stigmas 2-lobed.

A small to moderate-sized tree, up to 15 m tall, bark greyish-brown, rough, branchlets reddish-brown, leafless in middle of stem, pubescent. Twigs puberulous to subtomentose or glabrous. Leaves spirally arranged or subdistichous, stipulate, stipules reddish-purple, triangular-ovate, 1.5-2.5 cm long, caducous, petiolate, petioles 3-10 cm long, whitish to brownish puberulous or glabrous, leaf blade broadly ovate-cordate, 10-35 × 6-25 cm, thickly papery, apex obtuse and mucronate, base cordate to occasionally rounded, margin regularly shallowly dentate, abaxially with short spreading pubescence, adaxially glabrous or puberulent on the main veins, lateral veins 3-7 pairs, basal pair up to two-third the length of the leaf blade, tertiary venation scalariform, waxy glands present in the axils of the lateral veins. Figs on specialized leafless branchlets at the base of trunk and main branches, reddish-brown, with 8-12 conspicuous longitudinal ridges, ridges white, shortly pubescent when young, glabrescent at maturity, peduncles 2-7 cm long, pubescent, basal bracts 3, persistent, 3-6 mm long, involucral bracts triangular-ovate, receptacle subpyriform to subglobose to depressed-globose, 2-5 cm in diameter when dry. Male flowers sessile, calyx lobes 3, transparent, spathulate, thinly membranous, stamens 2, filaments long, anthers ovoid. Gall flowers with 3 calyx lobes, lobes apically free, styles lateral, hairy, stigmas enlarged. Female flowers shortly pedicellate or sessile, calyx lobes 3, ovary ovoid, styles lateral, longer than in gall flowers, hairy. Fruit an achene, with adherent liquid.

Very large, evergreen to semi-deciduous tree, up to 25 m tall, with wide leafy crown, branches much spreading, up to 100 m or more with strong prop roots and accessory trunks. Young shoots white puberulous. Leaves simple, alternate, petiolate, petioles hairy, dorsiventrally compressed, 3-5 cm long, leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic to rhomboid, coriaceous, variable in size, 10-25 × 8-15 cm, usually broadest near the base, glabrous, base obtuse, rounded or subcordate, margin entire, apex obtuse, pinnately reticulate with most commonly 3 main veins from tip of the petioles, stipules stout, caducous, acute. Inflorescence a hypanthodium, produced in axillary pairs on young shoots, depressed-globose, green when very young, then red. Male flowers: ostiolar, numerous, short pedicelled, sepals 2-3, stamen solitary. Female flowers: numerous, mixed with gall flowers, sepals 3-4, ovary with 1-sided elongated styles and bifid stigmas. Fig depressed-globose, 1.5-2.5 cm in diameter, 1-2 cm in length, pinkish-red.

A medium-sized evergreen tree, up to 15 m tall, aerial roots usually absent. Leaves simple, alternate, with 10-20 mm long petioles, lamina 4-12 × 2-6 cm, ovate-elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, base cuneate, margin entire, apex acute to acuminate, lateral nerves seems to be parallel. Hypanthodia sessile, in axillary pairs, ovoid, green and glabrous, c 1.5 cm in diameter. Male flowers: pedicellate, sepals 3, stamen solitary. Femal flowers: sessile, sepals 3-4, ovary ovoid, styles lateral. Figs orange, 2.0-2.5 cm in diameter, glabrous.

A large shrub or small deciduous tree, up to 10 m tall, many branched, bark greyish-brown, distinctly lenticellate, branchlets straight, strong. Twigs puberulous to subtomentose. Leaves spirally arranged, stipulate, stipules 0.5-1.5 cm long, ovate-lanceolate, red, petiolate, petioles 3-10 cm long, puberulous, leaf blade cordiform to ovate, palmately 3-7 lobed, 10-20 × 10-20 cm, subcoriaceous, rounded to obtuse at the apex, cordate to truncate at the base, margin dentate to crenate, sometimes subentire, abaxially densely covered with small cystoliths and greyish-pubescent, adaxially scabrous, secondary veins 5-10 pairs, the basal pair up to two-third the length of leaf blade, branched, tertiary venation scalariform, waxy gland in the axils of the basal lateral veins. Figs axillary on normal leafy shoots, solitary, purplish-red to yellow at maturity, peduncles 0.5-2.5 cm long, basal bracts 3, 2.0-3.5 mm long, ciliolate or sparsely puberulous outside, receptacle pyriform to subglobose, 1.5-4.0 cm in diameter when dry, puberulous, purplish at maturity. Male flowers with usually 4 sepals, united, lobes lanceolate, stamens 4, filaments long with exserted anthers. Gall flowers with lateral styles, short. In female flowers sepals 4, lobes lanceolate-oblong, ovary ovoid, smooth, styles lateral, stigmas entire or bifid, linear. Fruit an achene.

A medium-sized tree, up to 20 m tall, hemi-epiphytic, bark dark grey, lenticellate, branches drying pale to dark brown, producing few aerial roots. Twigs angular to subterete, glabrous. Leaves spirally arranged, stipulate, stipules c 1 cm long, lanceolate, glabrous, petiolate, petioles 1-2 cm long, leaf blade narrowly elliptic, 5.5-10.0 × 1.5-4.0 cm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, greyish-green when dry, mucronate to acuminate at the apex, cuneate at the base, margin entire, lateral veins 8-13 pairs, the basal pair up to one-sixth the length of the leaf blade, unbranched, tertiary venation reticulate to partly parallel to the lateral veins, waxy glands at the base of the midrib. Figs axillary on leafy branchlets, paired, or in clusters of 3 or 4 on leafless older branchlets, sometimes solitary, peduncles 1-4 mm long, basal bracts 3, caducous, 0.5-1.5 mm long, receptacle subglobose, 4-6 mm in diameter when dry, glabrous, pink to purple at maturity. Male, gall and female flowers within the same fig. Male flowers few, near apical pore, calyx lobes 2, lanceolate. Gall flowers similar to female flowers, styles linear, short. Female flowers with obliquely ovoid ovary, styles lateral, stigmas rounded.

A small tree, young shoots and leaves harshy-silky with long ferrugineous hairs. Branchlets, petioles and nerves on the underside of leaves clothed with stiff-rusty hairs. Leaves distichous, stipulate, stipules c 2 cm long, hispid, petiolate, petioles 3.5-13.0 cm long, setose, leaf blade elliptic or subobovate, acuminate at the apex, often cordate at the base, margin serrulate or denticulate, upper surface sparsely strigose with hispid tomentose nerves, lower surface papillose with setose nerves, nerves 4 pairs. Figs in the axils of scarious bracts, from the base of the stem, in densely crowded corymbs on stout branches, basal bracts 3, united below, glabrous, peduncles slender. Male flowers with 3 sepals, broad, stamens straight in bud. Gall and female flowers with short, tubular calyx lobes, ovary unilocular, free, without hairs, styles short, glabrous, lateral, stigmas dilated. Fruit an achene, rhomboid.

A tree, up to 20 m tall, epiphytic when young, bark pale greyish, smooth, branches drying brown to yellowish. Twigs angular, glabrous or minutely puberulous. Leaves spirally arranged, stipulate, stipules 1-2 cm long, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, caducous, petiolate, petioles 1-2 cm long, leaf blade narrowly elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 12-18 × 5-6 cm, thickly coriaceous, glabrous, abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green, rounded at the apex, cuneate at the base, margin entire, lateral veins 10-13 pairs, basal pair distinct, unbranched, tertiary venation parallel to the lateral veins, waxy glands at the base of midrib. Figs axillary on leafy branchlets, paired, sessile, dark red to purplish-red at maturity, basal bracts 3, subequal, 2-4 mm long, semi-circular to broadly ovate, apex rounded, glabrous or minutely puberulous, persistent, receptacles subglobose, 0.7-1.2 cm in diameter when dry, glabrous, orange at maturity. Male, gall and female flowers within the same fig. Male flowers pedicellate, calyx lobes 3, lanceolate, stamen 1. Gall flowers sessile or shortly pedicellate, calyx lobes 4, ovary white, styles subapical, long. Female flowers sessile, ovary reddish, styles apical, persistent, stigmas funnel-shaped. Fruit an achene, ovoid, with a sticky surface membrane, tuberculate.

A large banyan tree, up to 35 m tall, hemi-epiphytic, bark greyish-white, branches drying brown. Twigs angular, glabrous or villous. Leaves spirally arranged, or subdistichous, stipulate, stipules 1-2 cm long, yellowish-brown, lanceolate, membranous, caducous, petiolate, petioles 2-4 cm long, glabrous or tomentose to subvillous, drying blackish, occasionally with a waxy layer, leaf blade elliptic to oblong or obovate-elliptic, 10-18 × 5-9 cm, coriaceous, densely covered with yellowish-brown woolly pubescence, glabrescent, shortly acuminate at the apex, rounded or cordate at the base, margin entire or slightly undulate, lateral veins 8-12 pairs, the basal pair distinct, branched or unbranched, 1-2 pairs of smaller lateral veins below the main pair, tertiary venation subscalariform, prominent beneath, waxy glands present at the base of the midrib. Figs axillary on leafy branchlets, in pairs or solitary, sessile, reddish-orange to red, densely covered with brownish-yellow long hairs, basal bracts 2-3, unequal, semi-circular to band-shaped, puberulous, persistent, receptacle up to 4 × 1-2 cm when dry, ellipsoid, yellow to orange at maturity. Male, gall and female flowers within the same fig. Male flowers long pedicellate, calyx lobes 3, broadly ovate, stamen 1, filaments short and thick, anthers narrowly ellipsoid. Gall flowers pedicellate, sepals connate, apically 3- or 4-lobed, ovary globose. Female flowers with 3 calyx lobes, white, broadly lanceolate, ovary partly red. Fruit an achene, globose, tuberculate.

A medium to large evergreen tree with milky latex. Trunk and young shoots glabrous, crown very dense, branches spreading, with or without narrow aerial hanging roots. Leaves simple, alternate, petiolate, petioles 3-6 cm long, lamina oblong, 22-25 × 14-16 cm, thick, glossy above, base cuneate to obtuse, margin entire, apex shortly acuminate, lateral nerves almost parallel, stipules large, up to 25 cm long, rosy or pinkish-brown when young. Hypanthodia axillary, sessile, usually in pairs, ovoid-oblong, greenish, subtended by 3 bracts, bracts caducous, apical orifice closed by 3-4 bracts. Male flowers: small, pedicellate, sepals 3-4, ovate, stamen 1, anthers 2. Female flowers: sessile, sepals 4, free, ovary with subterminal long styles. Figs ovoid-oblong, up to 16 mm long, yellow.

A shrub or treelet, up to 6 m tall, bark greyish-brown, branchlets glabrous or densely brown tomentose. Twigs glabrous or sparsely white appressed-puberulous. Leaves spirally arranged, stipulate, stipules 0.6-1.5 cm long, reddish-brown, broadly ovate or triangular-lanceolate, membranous, glabrous, caducuos, petiolate, petioles 1-3 cm long, slender, glabrous or pubescent, leaf blade elliptic, oblong or obovate, 5.0-17.5 × 2.0-8.5 cm, chartaceous, acuminate at the apex, obtuse to cordate at the base, margin entire or occasionally undulate towards the apex, upper surface sparsely strigillose or glabrous, scabridulous or smooth, lower surface sparsely white appressed-puberulous on the main veins, lateral veins 4-9 pairs, the basal pair hardly different from the other lateral veins, tertiary venation scalariform to reticulate. Figs axillary on normal leafy shoots, solitary, reddish-yellow to blackish-purple or red at maturity, peduncles 0.5-2.5 cm long, basal bracts 3, c 2 mm long, white appressed-puberulous at the base, involucral bracts ovate-triangular, glabrous or thinly pubescent, receptacle pyriform or subglobose, up to 2 cm in diameter when dry, sparsely white appressed-puberulous. Male flowers many, scattered, subsessile to pedicellate, calyx lobes usually 3, elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, stamens 2 or 3. Gall flowers subsessile to pedicellate, calyx lobes 3-5, lanceolate, longer than ovary, pubescent, ovary ellipsoid-globose, styles lateral, short, stigmas bifid. Female flowers with 4-6 calyx lobes, broadly spathulate, ovary smooth, shortly stipitate, styles lateral, stigmas bifid. Fruit an achene.

A small evergreen tree, up to 12 m tall, bark dark brown. Twigs glabrous or appressed-puberulous. Leaves spirally arranged, subopposite or distichous, stipulate, stipules 0.5-2.0 cm long, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous or puberulous, caducous, petiolate, petioles 1-3 cm long, hispid or hirsute, leaf blade obovate to oblong or oblanceolate, 8-20 × 4-8 cm, subcoriaceous, acuminate to caudate at the apex, cuneate to rounded at the base, margin entire or irregularly dentate, occasionally lobate, abaxially sparsely pubescent, adaxially glabrous, lateral veins 6-10 pairs, the basal pair weakly developed, tertiary venation scalariform to subreticulate, waxy glands lacking or inconspicuous. Figs axillary, solitary or sometimes clustered together on short spurs in the axils or below the leaves on short spurs developing into cauliflorous on branchlets, reddish-orange when mature, subglabrous, smooth, peduncles 0.6-4.0 cm long, basal bracts 3, 0.5-1.0 mm long, receptacles subglobose to obovoid or subpyriform, 0.5-1.5 cm in diameter when dry, glabrous, sometimes obscurely to distinctly ribbed, yellowish at maturity, lateral bracts lacking. Male flowers few, shortly pedicellate, calyx lobes 3-4, stamen 1, filaments short. Gall flowers pedicellate, calyx lobes very short, ovary obovate, smooth, styles lateral, thin, stigmas enlarged. Female flowers with tubular perianth, styles persistent, long, clavate. Fruit an achene, with small tubercles.

A moderate-sized tree, up to 20 m tall, branches dark brown. Twigs yellowish to brownish hirtellous to puberulous, often pairs of small waxy glands present at the base of petioles. Leaves spirally arranged, stipulate, stipules 1-3 cm long, lanceolate, whitish to yellowish, sericeous to subhirtellous, caducous, petiolate, petioles 2-15 cm long but at juvenile stage up to 25 cm long, puberulous to hirtellous, leaf blade elliptic, obovate, oblong or suborbicular or 3-7 lobed when juvenile, 6-32 × 3-18 cm, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, shortly acuminate at the apex, cordate to cuneate at the base, margin dentate to subentire, upper surface strigillose, hirtellous on the main veins, scabrous to smooth, lower surface hirtellous to subtomentose on the veins, lateral veins 4-7 pairs, the basal pair branched, tertiary venation scalariform, waxy glands in the axis of the lateral veins. Figs axillary, in pairs, densely golden-yellow tomentose, sessile or shortly pedunculate, peduncles c 0.5 cm long, basal bracts 3, 2.0-3.5 mm long, involucral bracts broadly ovate, densely covered with golden-yellow thick hairs, receptacles subglobose to ovoid or ellipsoid, c 1.5 cm in diameter when dry, yellowish appressed-puberulous to hirtellous, yellow to orange at maturity. Male flowers with 4 calyx lobes, broadly ovate, glabrous, stamens 2. Gall flowers with 4 calyx lobes, narrowly oblong or lanceolate, ovary ovoid, smooth, styles lateral, short. Female flowers with sepals similar to those of male flowers, styles persistent, lateral, stigmas cylindric. Fruit an achene, ellipsoid to rhomboid, wrinkled, tuberculate.

A shrub or small tree, young parts pubescent, bark ashy-grey, smooth, branchlets slender, internodes short, coarsely hairy, glabrescent, blaze greenish-white. Leaves simple, stipulate, stipules c 1 cm long, lanceolate, glabrous, petiolate, petioles c 1 cm long, pubescent, leaf blade obovate, oblanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic, varying greatly in shape, 5-12 × 2-4 cm, chartaceous to coriaceous, apex acute to acuminate, base cuneate to obtuse, margin entire, green when dry, abaxially densely covered with coarse hairs and pubescence, secondary veins 4-8 pairs, slender, tertiary venation reticulate. Figs axillary on normal leafy shoots, paired or solitary, purple-red with white spots at maturity, pubescent when young, peduncles less than 1 cm long, basal bracts 2, red, involucral bracts broadly ovate. Male flowers: pedicellate, calyx lobes 3, hairy, stamens 2, anthers elongate. Gall flowers with 3 calyx lobes, oblanceolate, hairy, ovary obliquely ovoid, smooth, styles short, lateral, slightly 2-lobed. Female flowers: almost sessile, calyx lobes 3-4, hirsute, styles long, persistent, lateral, curved. Fruit an achene, ovoid, smooth, papillose, purplish.

A large evergreen tree, bark brownish-grey, reticulately fissured, branchlets pale yellow when dry, slightly curved. Twigs lenticellate. Leaves alternate, clustered apically on branchlets, stipulate, stipules c 1 cm long, broadly ovate, pubescent, petiolate, petioles 2-7 cm long, glabrous, leaf blade elliptic to broadly ovate, 4-11 × 3-8 cm, coriaceous, apex mucronate, base 3-5 nerved, cuneate to rounded, obtuse or narrowed into petiole, margin slightly recurved, adaxially glabrous and shiny when dry, secondary veins 6-12 pairs, prominent beneath. Figs axillary on short woody branchlets or on leafless older branchlets, in clusters of 2-4, red at maturity, with conspicuous bristles, tuberculate, sessile or subsessile, basal bracts 3, pubescent, involucral bracts broadly ovate. Male, gall and female flowers within the same fig. Male flowers: few, calyx lobes 3, connate, stamen 1, occasionally 2, filaments short, anthers broadly ovoid. Gall and female flowers with 3 or 4 calyx lobes, lanceolate, styles elongate, longer in female flowers than in gall flowers, stigmas deeply lobed. Fruit an achene, obovoid.

A medium to large-sized tree, up to 30 m tall, hemi-epiphytic or terrestrial, bark grey, branchlets pubescent when young. Twigs angular, glabrous or sparsely whitish puberulous. Leaves spirally arranged, stipulate, stipules 1.0-1.5 cm long, lanceolate, petiolate, petioles 1-3 cm long, leaf blade narrowly elliptic to oblong, 6-20 × 3-7 cm, coriaceous, acuminate to subacute at the apex, broadly cuneate to rounded at the base, margin entire, glabrous, secondary veins 6-10 pairs, the basal pair distinct, unbranched, tertiary vein reticulate, waxy glands at the base of the midrib. Figs axillary on leafy branchlets, paired, orange-yellow at maturity, peduncles 0.5-1.4 cm long, sparsely pubescent or glabrous, basal bracts early caducous, receptacles subglobose to globose, c 0.6 cm in diameter when dry, glabrous, yellow-orange to purple-black at maturity. Male, gall and female flowers within the same fig. Male flowers: few, near apical pore or scattered, calyx lobes 4, ovate-lanceolate, stamen 1. Gall flowers: sessile or shortly pedicellate, calyx deeply 4-lobed, ovary globose, stigmas apical, short. Female flowers: sepals 4, ovary ovoid, stigmas apical, long. Fruit an achene, ovoid.

A scandent shrub or small tree, up to 12 m tall, hemi-epiphytic, branchlets drying brown. Twigs hispidulous or densely puberulous, smooth or scabrous. Leaves distichous, stipulate, stipules 0.3-1.0 cm long, amplexicaul or semi-amplexicaul, glabrous or puberulous, petiolate, petioles 0.5-1.5 cm long, sparsely brownish hispidulous or densely brownish puberulous, leaf blade elliptic to oblong to obovate, 6-22 × 3-8 cm, coriaceous, caudate to acuminate at the apex, base slightly asymmetric, attenuated and decurrent on petiole, margin entire or undulate, upper surface glabrous, often shiny, smooth, lower surface minutely hispidulous to subglabrous, scabridulous to smooth, lateral veins 3-8 pairs, the basal pair up to half the length of the leaf blade, tertiary venation reticulate to scalariform, waxy glands present in the axils of one of the basal lateral veins. Figs axillary on normal leafy shoots, paired or solitary, with short thick hairs, peduncles 0.5-1.5 cm long, peduncular bracts 2 or 3, mainly near the base, receptacles globose, 0.4-1.4 cm in diameter when dry, hispidulous, scabrous, mostly without lateral bracts. Male flowers: near the apical pore, subsessile, calyx lobes 4, linear, stamen 1, rudimentary ovary present. Gall flowers: shortly pedicellate, calyx lobes 3, ovary globose, styles lateral, short, curved. Female flowers: calyx lobes 3, styles persistent, glabrous, stigmas funnel-form. Fruit an achene, obliquely ovoid.

A shrub or small tree, up to 15 m tall. Twigs whitish to dark brown puberulous to hirtellous and pale brown to yellowish hirtellous to subhirsute or dark brown hirsute. Leaves spirally arranged, stipulate, stipules 0.8-3.0 cm long, ciliolate, red, ovate-lanceolate, membranous, pubescent, caducous, petiolate, petioles 1-8 cm long, whitish puberulous to pale to dark brown hirtellous to hirsute or partly brown and partly white sericeous, leaf blade elliptic to oblong to obovate or ovate to cordiform to suborbicular, when young palmately 3-7 lobed, or pinnately lobed, 8-30 × 4-22 cm, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, acute to acuminate at the apex, cuneate, rounded or shallowly cordate at the base, margin entire or shortly serrate, upper surface strigillose to hirtellous to hirsute, lower surface densely to sparsely whitish puberulous, lateral veins 4-7 pairs, the basal pair mostly branched, tertiary venation scalariform, prominent beneath, waxy glands in the axils of the basal lateral veins. Figs axillary on normal leafy shoots, in pairs, sessile or shortly pedunculate, with long stiff spreading golden-yellow or brown hairs, sometimes subglabrous, basal bracts 3, ovate-lanceolate, 2-6 mm long, persistent or caducous, receptacles globose, ovoid or ellipsoid, 0.8-2.4 cm in diameter when dry, sometimes with lateral bracts, red at maturity. Male flowers: shortly pedicellate, calyx lobes 4, red, lanceolate, stamens 2-3, anthers ellipsoid, longer than filaments. Gall flowers with 4 calyx lobes, ovary globose or ovoid-globose, smooth, styles lateral, short, stigmas funnel-form. Female flowers: sessile or shortly pedicellate, calyx lobes 4, styles persistent, long, attached to one side, slightly concave, stigmas clavate. Fruit an achene, ellipsoid-globose, smooth.

Small tree or large shrub, up to 15 m tall, all parts of the plant hispid. Leaves simple, opposite, decussate, petiolate, lamina ovate-oblong to ovate-elliptic, 8-30 × 2.5-20.0 cm, base cuneate to truncate-cordate, margin crenate-serrate to entire, apex acute to acuminate, distinctly scabrid on both surfaces. Hypanthodium in the leaf axils or leafless hanging branchlets from the trunk, usually obovoid, 10-15 mm in diameter, hispid, apical orifice is closed by 5-6 bracts. Male flowers: many, in 1-2 whorls, ostiolar, sepals 3, stamen solitary with short filament. Female flowers: many, short pedicelled or sessile, sepals connate into a tube, round the ovary, ovary globose, styles subterminal. Figs depressed-globose to pyriform, greenish-yellow, hispid.

A shrub or small tree, up to 6 m tall, bark grey with wing-like ridges. Twigs glabrous or white puberulous. Leaves spirally arranged, sometimes subopposite or sub-verticillate, stipulate, stipules c 0.5-1.1 cm long, linear-lanceolate, glabrous, caducous, petiolate, petioles 0.4-1.5 cm long, puberulous or glabrous, leaf blade linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, 4-20 × 1-3 cm, coriaceous, abaxially pale brown when dry, adaxially dark green, subacute to acuminate at the apex, cuneate to rounded at the base, margin entire, revolute, glabrous, lateral veins 7-20 pairs, the basal pair not distinct from other lateral veins, tertiary venation reticulate, waxy glands in the axils of the basal lateral veins. Figs axillary on leafy or older leafless branches, solitary or occasionally paired, basally attenuate into a short stalk, peduncles 1-3 cm long, basal bracts 3, 1-2 mm long, sparsely puberulous, semi-persistent, receptacles ellipsoid, ovoid or subpyriform, 1.5-2.5 cm in diameter when dry, pink to dark red at maturity. Male flowers: near apical pore, pedicellate, calyx lobes 3 or 4, oblanceolate, stamens 2, anthers ellipsoid. Gall flowers: subsessile, calyx lobes 4, ovary globose, styles lateral, short, stigmas shallowly 2-lobed. Female flowers: pedicellate, calyx lobes 3 or 4, styles persistent, long, stigmas 2-lobed. Fruit an achene, reniform, tuberculate.

A deciduous tree, up to 30 m tall with watery milky sap, bark brownish-grey, faintly reticulately fissured, branches dark brown to purplish. Twigs white to brown appressed-puberulous or glabrous. Leaves spirally arranged, stipulate, stipules 0.5-1.1 cm long, caducous, petiolate, petioles 2-7 cm long, appressed-puberulous to strigollose or glabrous, leaf blade oblong to elliptic, 7.5-24.0 × 3.5-12.0 cm, chartaceous, acuminate at the apex, truncate to cuneate at the base, margin entire, upper surface appressed-puberulous on the veins or on the midrib, smooth, lower surface appressed-puberulous to strigollose on the veins, secondary veins 8-12 pairs, the basal pair slightly or not distinct from other lateral veins, tertiary venation scalariform, waxy glands lacking. Figs in pairs, peduncles 0.5-1.0 cm long, basal bracts 3, c 2.5 mm long, sparsely appressed-puberulous or ciliolate, receptacles ellipsoid to subglobose, 0.6-1.2 cm in diameter when dry, sparsely to densely puberulous. Male flowers with 4 tepals, stamen 1, filaments adnate. Gall flowers: greenish at maturity and irregularly longitudinally dehiscent, ovary smooth, globose, styles lateral, stigmas tubular. Female flowers with 4 or 5 tepals, styles subterminal, stigmas cylindrical. Fruit an achene, oblong, oblique, rugose.

No Data

A medium-sized tree, up to 25 m tall, hemi-epiphytic or terrestrial, bark greyish, smooth, branchlets dark brown, ribbed and densely tuberculate, sparsely pilose but rapidly glabrescent. Twigs angular to subterete, glabrous or hairy on the upper scars of the stipules. Leaves spirally arranged, stipulate, stipules 0.5-1.0 cm long, lanceolate, subsericeous, caducous, petiolate, petioles 0.5-2.0 cm long, glabrous, leaf blade oblong to ovate-elliptic, 8-18 × 4-7 cm, coriaceous, acuminate to subcaudate at the apex, cuneate to rounded at the base, margin entire, both surfaces glabrous but occasionally pubescent when young, lateral veins 8-14 pairs, the basal pair unbranched, tertiary vein parallel to the lateral veins, slightly prominent beneath, waxy glands at the base of midrib. Figs axillary on leafy branchlets, paired, purplish-red at maturity, sessile, basal bracts 3, 1-3 mm long, appressed-puberulous or glabrous, persistent, involucral bracts 2 or 3, ovate, unequal in size, receptacles subglobose, up to 1 cm in diameter when dry, subglabrous, yellow to red at maturity. Male, gall and female flowers within the same fig. Male flowers: few, near apical pore. Gall flowers: similar to female flowers but pedicellate. Female flowers: sessile, calyx lobes 3, lanceolate, ovary ovoid, partly red, styles apical. Fruit an achene.

A large, evergreen, banyan tree, up to 30 m tall, with copious aerial roots on the branches, bark dark grey, branches drying brown. Twigs angular, glabrous or minutely puberulous. Leaves spirally arranged, stipulate, stipules lanceolate, 0.5-1.5 cm long, usually glabrous, caducous, petiolate, petioles 0.5-1.5 cm long, blackish to brownish, glabrous, leaf blade oblong to elliptic, subobovate or suborbicular, 2-10 × 1-5 cm, coriaceous, apex shortly acuminate to subacute or obtuse, base cuneate to obtuse or rounded, margin entire or revolute towards the base, adaxially dark green and shiny but dark brown when dry, glabrous, lateral veins 4-10 pairs, the basal pair distinct, unbranched, straight, tertiary venation parallel to the lateral veins. Figs axillary on leafy branchlets or on leafless older branchlets, paired, yellow to slightly red at maturity, sessile or shortly pedunculate, basal bracts 3, 2-3 mm long, glabrous, persistent or caducous, receptacles subglobose to globose, 0.5-0.9 cm in diameter when dry, glabrous, pink to dark purple when mature. Male, gall and female flowers within the same fig. Male flowers: scattered, sessile or shortly pedicellate, filaments as long as anthers, anthers exserted. Gall flowers: shortly pedicellate, pedicels up to 1.2 mm long, calyx lobes 3, broadly ovate. Female flowers: sessile, with 3 calyx lobes, ovary red, styles lateral, stigmas short, clavate. Fruit an achene, ovoid.

A deciduous tree with few or no aerial roots. Twigs tomentose with whitish to pale ferruginous hairs, hairs c 1.3 mm long. Leaves spirally arranged, stipulate, stipules short, densely appressedly brown-strigose, caducous, petiolate, petioles 1-5 cm long, tomentose, often with a bare subglandular patch on the back at the junction of the midrib, leaf blade broadly elliptic to obovate-elliptic, subrotund in small leaves, 5-12 × 3-7 cm, subcoriaceous, obtuse, subacute or shortly acuminate at the apex, cordate to rounded at the base, margin entire, upper surface puberulous to glabrous, smooth, lower surface densely tomentose with whitish to pale ferruginous hairs, drying light brown, secondary veins 4-6 pairs, the basal pair up to half the length of the leaf blade. Figs axillary, paired, sessile, densely tomentose, basal bracts 3, 4-5 mm long, ovate, villous. Male flowers: disperse, sessile or shortly pedicellate, pedicels up to 7 mm long, tepals 3-4, reddish. Gall flowers: sessile or shortly pedicellate, pedicels c 5 mm long, tepals 3-4, red. Female flowers: as like as male flowers. Fruit an achene.

A large evergreen tree, up to 35 m tall, branchlets wrinkled when dry. Twigs fuscous. Leaves spirally arranged, stipulate, stipules up to 1.2 cm long, appressedly silky, caducous, petiolate, petioles 0.8-2.5 cm long, leaf blade elliptic, oblong or obovate-lanceolate, 6.0-16.5 × 2.5-6.0 cm, thinly coriaceous, apex narrowly subacute to acuminate, base rounded to cuneate and with 2 glands, margin entire and revolute, glabrous, abaxially dark coloured with small scattered tubercles, adaxially dark green but brown when dry, shiny, lateral veins 7-11 pairs, abaxially prominent, basal pair short, with axillary glands. Figs axillary on normal leafy stem, paired or solitary, glabrous or thinly appressedly hairy at first, red at maturity, base attenuate into an apparent stalk, sessile or shortly pedunculate, peduncles up to 3 mm long, basal bracts 3, c 1 mm long. Male, gall and female flowers within the same fig. Male flowers: dispersed, sessile or shortly pedicellate, calyx lobes 2, red, spathulate, unequal, stamen 1, anthers mucronate. Gall and female flowers: shortly pedicellate or sessile, calyx lobes 3-5, red, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, apex acuminate, ovary sessile, yellowish-white, styles lateral, stigmas bifid, clavate, persistent. Fruit an achene.

A medium-sized tree, bark greyish-white, smooth, branchlets sparsely pubescent. Leaves alternate, stipulate, stipules 1.0-1.5 cm long, ovate-lanceolate, caducous, glabrous or puberulent, petiolate, petioles 4-6 cm long, leaf blade obovate-elliptic to elliptic, 12-25 × 6-23 cm, chartaceous, apex acute to acuminate, base shallowly cordate to broadly cuneate, 3-5 nerved, margin irregularly toothed, abaxially densely tuberculate, adaxially glabrous, veins with sparse slender white hairs when young, lateral veins 4-5 pairs, abaxially prominent, basal pair extending to middle of blade or beyond. Figs clustered on short branchlets of old stem, dark red at maturity, with 4-6 longitudinal ridges and small tubercles, puberulent, basally attenuated into a short stalk, peduncles 2.5-3.5 cm long, basal bracts ovate and rosulate, involucral bracts triangular-ovate. Male flowers: shortly pedicellate, calyx lobes 3, thinly membranous, stamens 2. Gall flowers: many, on middle or lower part of fig, pedicellate, calyx lobes 3, connate, thinly membranous, ovary ovoid, smooth, styles lateral, short. Female flowers with short pedicels, calyx 3-lobed, styles lateral, longer than in gall flowers, stigmas with hairs. Fruit an achene, obovoid, papillose, smooth.

A small glabrous, deciduous tree, bark greyish-brown, with vertical lines of small warts, otherwise smooth. Leaves alternate, stipulate, stipules c 2 cm long, lanceolate or subulate, membranous, petiolate, petioles 1.5-3.0 cm long, leaf blade obovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, asymmetric, 8-18 × 3-6 cm, thinly papery, smooth, acuminate at the apex, cuneate to slightly obtuse at the base, margin entire, membranous, shining and glabrous but pubescent along the veins beneath, secondary veins 8-12 pairs, slender but raised and prominent beneath, basal lateral veins very short. Figs on pendulous, eventually prostrate, leafless branchlets, solitary or in pairs, tuberculate, with scale-like hairs, peduncles 8-10 mm long, basal bracts 3, involucral bracts ovate, apex irregularly acuminate, lateral bracts present, receptacles subpyriform. Male flowers with 3 or 4 calyx lobes, lobes linear, stamens 1 or 2, pistillode broadly ovoid to rhombic. Female flowers with 3-4 calyx lobes, lobes linear, styles lateral, persistent, stigmas linear. Fruit an achene, obliquely ovoid, minutely tubercled.

A small to medium-sized tree, up to 20 m tall, evergreen, occasionally semi-deciduous. Leaves simple, alternate, petiolate, petioles 2-6 cm long, grooved and minutely hairy, lamina ovate-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 6-18 × 3-10 cm, glabrous, base obtuse to cuneate, margin entire, apex acute, obtuse to acuminate. Hypanthodia pedunculate, borne in clusters on the hanging leafless branches from the trunk, subpyriform-globose, 1.5-2.5 cm long, apical orifice closed by 5-6 bracts. Male flowers: sessile to subsessile, ostiolar in 2-3 whorls, sepals 3, connate, red, stamens usually 2, pistillode present. Female flowers: sessile or subsessile, sepals 3, connate, ovary substipitate, styles lateral, simple and long. Gall flowers: pedicellate, intermingling the female flowers. Figs depressed-subglobose or pyriform, 2.5-4.0 cm in diameter, rose-red.

A large or medium-sized deciduous tree, up to 20 m tall. Trunk with spreading branches, usually without prop roots. Leaves simple, alternate, very long petioled, petioles up to 11 cm long, terete, leaf blade ovate, 5-18 × 4-15 cm, entire, apex abruptly long acuminate, acumen nearly half as long as the blade, defoliate at the end of the winter, young leaves copper-red to pink. Inflorescence a hypanthodium, subsessile, in axillary pairs, 5-6 mm in diameter, yellowish-green when young, apical orifice is closed by 3 apical bracts. Male flowers: sessile, ostiolar, sepals 2-3, free, ovate-lanceolate. Female flowers: sessile or pedicellate, sepals 3-4, free, lanceolate. Figs depressed-globose, 10-13 mm in diameter, dark purple when ripe.

A moderate-sized deciduous tree, up to 15 m tall, branches and young twigs glabrous, crown irregular shaped. Leaves simple, alternate, petiolate, petioles 4-10 cm long, lamina broadly ovate, 10-15 × 6-10 cm, base truncate or subcordate, margin entire, apex prolonged acute, glabrous on both surfaces. Hypanthodia sessile, in axillary pairs and around old fallen leaf scars, green, globose, obovoid, 8-10 mm in diameter, apical orifice closed by 3 bracts. Male flowers: ostiolar, few, sepals 3, spathulate, stamen solitary, filaments long. Female flowers: sepals 3, lanceolate, ovary obovoid with subterminal styles. Figs black when full ripe, globose to obovoid, smooth.

A small tree, up to 15 m tall, crown flat, spreading and umbrella-like, bark grey, smooth. Twigs white puberulous and brown to whitish hirtellous to subvillous. Leaves distichous, stipulate, stipules 1-2 cm long, lanceolate, red, membranous, subglabrous, caducous, petiolate, petioles 0.5-2.0 cm long, densely covered with stiff hairs, leaf blade oblong-lanceolate or subobovate, strongly asymmetric, 10-28 × 4-11 cm, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, acuminate at the apex, base obliquely cordate on one side and cuneate to rounded on the other side, margin entire or denticulate, abaxially densely covered with stiff short hairs and small yellowish-brown convex spots, adaxially coarse with stiff hairs on veins, lateral veins 10-15 pairs, the basal pair at the broad side up to one-third the length of the leaf blade, tertiary venation scalariform, prominent beneath, waxy glands in the axils of the basal lateral veins. Figs on pendulous, eventually prostrate, leafless branchlets, solitary, reddish-purple when mature, hairy, peduncles 0.3-1.0 cm long, basal bracts 3, verticillate, 1-3 mm long, receptacles 1-2 cm in diameter when dry, subglobose, white to yellowish tomentose, sometimes glabrous, reddish at maturity. Male flowers with 3 calyx lobes, red, oblanceolate, longer than stamens, stamens 1 or 2, filaments short, anthers white. Gall flowers with 4 or 5 calyx lobes, linear-lanceolate, styles lateral, short. Female flowers with 1 basal bracteole, calyx lobes 4-5, ovary ovoid-ellipsoid, styles lateral, long, stigmas cylindrical, shallowly 2-lobed. Fruit an achene, broadly ovoid, whitish, apically slightly concave on one side, with small tubercles.

A shrub or treelet, up to 6 m high, often hemi-epiphytic, branches drooping, branchlets drying brown to yellowish. Twigs glabrous or minutely hispidulous, smooth or scabridulous. Leaves distichous, stipulate, stipules 0.3-0.8 cm long, glabrous, caducous, petiolate, petioles 0.3-1.5 cm long, sparsely minutely hispidulous, leaf blade oblong, elliptic to subobovate or lanceolate, 4.0-16.5 × 1.5-8.0 cm, coriaceous, abruptly acuminate to subcaudate at the apex, base more or less inequilateral to almost equilateral, cuneate to obtuse, margin often coarsely crenate-dentate towards the upper part but broadly lobate or entire in the lower part, upper surface smooth, glabrous, lower surface sparsely hispidulous to subglabrous, lateral veins 6-17 pairs, the basal pair somewhat different from the other lateral veins, unbranched, tertiary venation loosely scalariform or reticulate, waxy glands in the axils of the lateral veins. Figs axillary, solitary or in pair, or clustered on spurs, peduncles 0.2-0.5 cm long, peduncular bracts 2 or 3, scattered, 2 opposite or 3 in a whorl, c 1 mm long, receptacles 3-8 mm in diameter when dry, subglobose to ellipsoid, sparsely hispidulous, scabrous, often with few lateral bracts, orange to red at maturity. Male flowers with 3 sepals, anthers elongate as long as the filament. Gall flowers with 3 calyx lobes, ovary smooth, globose, styles lateral, short. Female flowers: gamophyllous, calyx 2-3 partite, styles lateral, stigmas cylindric. Fruit an achene, ovoid.

No Data

A shrub or small tree, up to 4 m tall, bark dark greyish-brown, smooth, branchlets reddish-brown, slender, narrowly winged. Leaves alternate, stipulate, stipules 8-10 mm long, linear to lanceolate, caducous, petiolate, petioles 4-9 mm long, leaf blade obovate-oblong, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 5-15 × 3-6 cm, thinly coriaceous, with cystoliths, abruptly acuminate or caudate at the apex, cuneate at the base, margin entire or sinuate-dentate in the upper half, glabrous, scabrous on both sides, lateral veins 4-8 pairs. Figs axillary on normal leafy shoots, solitary, rarely paired, reddish-orange at maturity, smooth or tuberculate and lenticellate, peduncles 2-8 mm long, basal bracts 3, inconspicuous. Male and gall flowers intermixed in the same fig. Male flowers: pedicellate, calyx 5-6 partite, dark red, stamen solitary in ostiolar flowers, free and 2 in dispersed flowers, anthers broadly ovoid. Gall flowers with smooth ovary, styles lateral, stigmas shortly funneliform. Female flowers: pedicellate, calyx 5-lobed, dark red, ovary with a subterminal elongate, slender styles, stigmas often bifid. Fruit an achene, ovoid, slightly papillose.

A scandent shrub or small tree, up to 15 m tall, branches drooping, branchlets drying brown to greyish. Twigs sparsely whitish appressed-puberulous to hispidulous, sometimes glabrous. Leaves distichous, stipulate, stipules 1-2 cm long, subulate, apically curved, sometimes persistent, dark brown when dry, petiolate, petioles 0.5-1.5 cm long, glabrous or white puberulous, leaf blade obliquely elliptic, oblong to subobovate, usually asymmetric, 8-20 × 3-8 cm, coriaceous, acuminate to subcaudate at the apex, cuneate to obtuse at the base, margin entire, olivaceous to yellowish-green when dry, puberulent when young, glabrescent, secondary veins 7-14 pairs, the basal pair distinct from other lateral veins, tertiary venation scalariform, waxy glands in the axils of one of the basal lateral veins. Figs axillary, solitary or paired, or clustered on spurs, reddish-orange when mature, with small sparse tubercles, sessile or shortly pedunculate, peduncles up to 0.6 cm long, peduncular bracts 3, scattered, c 1 mm long, receptacles 0.5-1.2 cm in diameter when dry, subglobose, glabrous, yellowish to reddish at maturity. Male flowers with tubular calyx, lobes 4, fleshy, stamen 1, rudimentary ovary globose. Gall flowers: scattered, calyx lobes similar to those of male flowers, ovary globose, stigmas capitate. Female flowers with calyx lobes connate, apically lobed, hairy, styles persistent, lateral, glabrous, elongated. Fruit an achene, ellipsoid.

A large shrub or small tree, up to 12 m tall, sometimes epiphytic, bark slightly coarse, branchlets drying brown to yellowish. Twigs minutely hispidulous or white appressed-puberulous. Leaves distichous, stipulate, stipules 0.5-1.1 mm long, subulate-lanceolate, minutely puberulous, caducous, petiolate, petioles 0.4-1.5 cm long, leaf blade irregular in shape, often obliquely rhombic, strongly asymmetric, often shorter than 10 cm, coriaceous, apex acuminate to acute, base often almost equilateral, usually cuneate to subattenuate, margin entire or toothed, upper surface smooth, often shiny, glabrous, lower surface scabridulous or smooth, glabrous or sparsely hispidulous, yellow-green when dry, lateral veins 4-9 pairs, prominent on both surfaces, the basal pair up to one-third the length of the leaf blade, unbranched, tertiary venation reticulate to subscalariform, waxy glands in the axils of one of the basal lateral veins. Figs axillary on normal leafy shoots, solitary or paired, with sparse small tubercles, slightly rough, base attenuate into stalk, peduncles very short, 0.1-0.5 cm long, peduncular bracts 3, usually verticillate at the base of peduncle, receptacles 0.5-1.0 cm in diameter when dry, globose to ovoid or ellipsoid, lateral bracts lacking. Male flowers with 4-6 calyx lobes, white, linear, stamen 1, rudimentary ovary present. Gall flowers with 4-6 calyx lobes, similar to male flowers, ovary obliquely ovoid, styles lateral. Female flowers with 4 calyx lobes, transparent, linear, styles persistent, lateral, glabrous, stigmas enlarged. Fruit an achene, ellipsoid, keeled.

A large deciduous tree, up to 35 m tall, bark grey to greyish-brown, smooth. Twigs glabrous or sparsely white pubescent. Leaves spirally arranged, stipulate, stipules 0.7-1.5 cm long, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous or yellowish appressed-puberulous, caducous, petiolate, petioles 2-10 cm long, glabrous or pubescent, leaf blade broadly ovate to ovate-elliptic, 8-20 × 3-10 cm, subcoriaceous to chartaceous, apex acute, acuminate or obtuse, base rounded to shallowly cordate, margin entire, undulate or shallowly toothed, pubescent when young, lateral veins 4-16 pairs, the basal pair branched, tertiary venation scalariform, occasionally loosely so and almost reticulate, waxy glands in extensions of the axils of the basal lateral veins. Figs ramiflorous to cauliflorous on shortly tuberculate spurs or clustered sparingly branched, red, with green stripes and spots when mature, peduncles 1-5 cm long, slender, basal bracts 3, verticillate, 0.5-2.0 mm long, persistent or caducous, receptacles 1.0-2.5 cm in diameter when dry, subglobose to pyriform to ellipsoid, glabrous or minutely pubescent, pink to red at maturity. Male flowers with 3-4 calyx lobes, lobes broadly ovate, stamens 2, filaments basally connate. Gall flowers: near apical pore, calyx lobes connate, tubular, apically 4-5 lobed, ovary enclosed by calyx lobes, styles lateral, short, stigmas funnel-shaped. Female flowers with 3 or 4 calyx lobes, connate at the base, thinly membranous, linear-lanceolate, styles persistent, stigmas clavate, glabrous. Fruit an achene, obovoid, finely tuberculate.

A deciduous or semi-deciduous tree, up to 35 m tall, with buttress or prop roots, epiphytic when young, branches drying brown to yellowish. Twigs angular to subterete, glabrous or white puberulous. Leaves spirally arranged, stipulate, stipules 0.5-1.5 cm long, lanceolate to ovate, glabrous or pubescent, caducous, petiolate, petioles 2-5 cm long, glabrous, leaf blade obovate, narrowly lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-ovate, 10-20 × 3-8 cm, coriaceous, acuminate to shortly acuminate at the apex, rounded, cuneate or cordate at the base, margin entire, both surfaces glabrous, lateral veins 7-14 pairs, abaxially prominent, the basal pair unbranched or branched, tertiary venation reticulate to subscalariform, waxy glands at the base of midrib. Figs axillary on leafy branchlets, paired or solitary or in clusters on leafless older branchlets, purple-red at maturity, sessile or shortly pedunculate, basal bracts 3, 1-3 mm long, persistent, receptacles 0.5-1.0 cm in diameter when dry, subglobose, glabrous, purple to black at maturity. Male, gall and female flowers within the same fig. Male flowers: few, near apical pore, sessile, calyx lobes 4 or 5, lanceolate, stamen 1, filaments short, anthers broadly ovoid. Gall flowers: pedicellate, calyx lobes 3-4, styles lateral, shorter than ovary. Female flowers: similar to gall flowers, ovary red-brown, styles longer than ovary. Fruit an achene, wrinkled on surface.

A small to medium-sized tree, up to 15 m tall, bole up to 70 cm in diameter, exudes milky latex. Leaves simple, alternate, petiolate, leaf blade ovate, 5-16 × 4-12 cm, rounded to shallowly cordate at the base, acute to acuminate at the apex, margin sharply serrate, young leaves pubescent, juvenile leaves may often be lobed, leaves defoliate in winter. Flowers in catkin inflorescence, unisexual. Male catkin 1.0-1.5 cm long, male flowers with 4 exserted stamens and a top-shaped pistillode. Female catkin ovoid, 0.5-1.3 cm long, tepals of female flowers accrescent and succulent in fruits, ovary included, with a single ovule, styles biforked. Fruit an ovoid syncarp, 1.5-2.5 cm long, pinkish to dark purple when ripe.

A small tree, up to 12 m tall with a dense crown, bark grey, smooth, branchlets pubescent when young, winter buds ovoid-ellipsoid to ovoid, white pubescent. Leaves alternate, stipulate, stipules lanceolate, pubescent, petiolate, petioles 2-5 cm long, pubescent, leaf blade ovate to broadly ovate, 5-15 × 4-9 cm, membranous, acuminate to shortly acuminate at the apex, rounded, cordate or truncate at the base, margin minutely and densely serrate, abaxially pale green and with short soft hairs along midvein and lateral veins when young, adaxially dark green and with soft hairs along veins, lateral veins 4-6 pairs. Male catkins axillary, paired, 5-10 cm long, peduncles 1.0-1.5 cm long, pubescent. Male flowers with 4 sepals, ovate, adaxially pubescent, filaments c 2 mm long, anthers globose. Female catkins cylindric, pendulous, lax-flowered, 6-12 cm long, peduncles 1.2-2.0 cm long. Female flowers with 4 pubescent sepals, imbricate, ovary ovoid, compressed, pubescent, styles bipartite, stigmas papillate. Fruit a sorosis, cylindrical, 6-12 cm long, fleshy, yellowish-white at maturity.