Forest Emission Factor Database

A medium to large tree, up to 40 m tall, with robust trunk when old, bark greyish-brown, rugged, fissured, branchlets rusty tomentose when young. Leaves pinnate with about (5-) 10-20 pinnatifid pinnae, fern-like, 15-20 × 15-20 cm, the secondary lobes entire or again lobed, lanceolate or rarely linear, terminal one mostly longer than 2.5 cm, margin recurved, obscurely veined, glabrous or sprinkled with appressed hairs on the above, brownish, later whitish silky beneath, petioles 1.7-7.0 cm long. Inflorescence solitary or short paniculate, many-flowered racemes, 7-12 cm long, from leafless, tomentose branches on the old wood, rachis stout, glabrous, pedicels slender, 1 cm long, glabrous. Perianth glabrous, tube 6-9 mm long, rarely dilated at the base, revolute under the limb, ovoid limb 3 mm in diameter, orange to golden-yellow or golden-brown. Torus slightly oblique. Disk annular, prominent. Ovary glabrous, stipitate, styles 1.5 cm long, stigmatic disk oblique with a central cone. Fruits boat-shaped, 1.5 cm long. Seeds winged all round.

No Data

A shrub or small tree, up to 7 m tall, glabrous. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 8-15 × 2-5 cm, acute to acuminate at the apex, long cuneate at the base, chartaceous or coriaceous, olivaceous-green or light yellowish-green when dry, shining, entire or few remote teeth in the upper part of the margin, midrib slightly prominent above, strongly prominent beneath, nerves 9-10 pairs, curved upward, straight in lower part, petioles 10-15 mm long, slender. Inflorescence axillary or subterminal, laxly racemes, rachis angular, bracts ovate, acuminate, 1 mm long, membranous, pedicels 4-6 mm long, slender, provided with mostly one very distinct membranous wing on both sides, mostly in two, connate at the base. Perianth cream-whitish or light yellowish-greenish, sometimes lavender-tinged or lemon, tube slender, 10-12 × 0.4-0.5 cm, limbs elongate-ellipsoid, subacute, 1 mm in diameter. Anthers 1.6 mm long. Disk gland ovate-oblong, truncate, retuse, free. Ovary glabrous, styles filiform.

A medium to large-sized tree, up to 30 m tall and 50 cm in diameter, branchlets slender, rusty tomentose at the tip, turning glabrescent quickly and finally glabrous. Leaves narrow, oblong or oblanceolate or obovate-oblong, 8-20 × 3-6 cm, abruptly acuminate at the apex, subacute or obtuse, cuneate at the base, chartaceous or coriaceous, yellowish-green when dry, rusty tomentose on both surface and petiole when young, glabrous and glaucous at maturity, entire or dentate at the upper half, midrib distinct beneath, nerves 6-9 pairs, jointed at the edge, petioles 8-20 mm long. Inflorescence axillary, or subterminal, solitary or 2-3 together racemes, 5-15 cm long, densely-flowered, densely rusty tomentose all over, bracts ovate-lanceolate, 2-3 mm long, persistent, bracteoles minute, persistent, pedicels slender, 2-3 mm long at anthesis, mostly in two, free or halfway connected. Perianth tubular, yellowish-green, fragrant, slender, rusty tomentose, or pilose, limb 1 mm broad. Anthers 1.5 mm long. Disk gland free, nearly rounded. Ovary ferrugineous-villous, styles slender, glabrous. Fruits ellipsoid or obliquely ovoid, obtuse, smooth, glabrous, bluish, 1.0-1.5 × 0.8-1.2 cm, pericarp 1 mm thick.

A large shrub or small tree, up to 15 m tall, branchlets ruffescent-pilose or glabrate at the tip, flush bluish or blackish-green above. Leaves sparse, obliquely subopposite, sometimes 3-4 subverticillate, obovate-oblong or obovate, 8-25 × 5-10 cm, abruptly acuminate, subacute or obtuse at the tip, abruptly obtuse or rounded at the base, firmly coriaceous, dark olivaceous or yellowish-green above when dry, brownish or dull beneath, glabrous, shiny above, pubescent or glabrescent beneath, margin irregularly or coarsely serrate, or subentire, midrib prominent on both surfaces, nerves 10-12 pairs, curved, ascending, petioles 6-10 mm long, rugose, purplish when fresh. Inflorescence axillary or ramiflorous racemes, solitary or rarely in two, 15-30 cm long, densely appressed, rufous hairy in all parts in bud, finally laxly hairy, rachis subangular, bracts ovate, acute, 1.0-1.5 mm long, pedicels robust, mostly in pairs, connate at the base, 3-7 mm long. Perianth white or greenish-white, tube slender, 20-22 × 0.6-1.0 mm, limbs ellipsoid, 1.5-2.5 mm in diameter. Anthers 2 mm long. Disk gland broadly elliptic or ovate-elliptic, truncate, free or connate at the base, cupular at anthesis. Ovary glabrous, styles slender, red. Fruits obliquely ellipsoid or subglobose, apiculate at the apex, contracted at the base, or rounded at the both ends, 2.5-4.0 × 2-3 cm, deep green or yellowish with purplish tinge when young, dark purple or blackish when ripe, pericarp hard, leathery, 2-3 mm thick. Seeds 1 (-2), reticulate-rugose in upper half.

No Data

A shrub or low tree, branchlets terete, often ending in a spine. Leaves 2-6 × 1.0-1.5 cm, opposite, subopposite or clustered, leathery, oval, elliptic or oblong, narrower at both ends especially at the base, intramarginal nerves distinct or obscure. Flowers c 4 cm long, pedicels c 2 mm long, terminal on short side twigs and often in pairs. Sepals 4-7, 2.0-2.5 cm long, thickly leathery, connate below in a wide calyx tube adnate to the ovary, tube turbinate, becoming campanulate to subglobose, lobes triangular or triangular-lanceolate, much shorter than the tube, acute. Petals 4-7, c 2.5 cm long, scarlet, their blades suborbicular or orbicular-obovate, shortly clawed, wrinkled, inserted between the calyx lobes. Stamens c 5 mm long, numerous, inserted in several rows on a perigynous disk, anthers bright yellow. Carpels 4-8, connate in a conical, 4-8 lobed, placentas in some cells axile, in others parietal. Fruits yellowish, up to 9 cm high, often red flushed roundish with the calyx lobes adhering at the top, more or less perfectly 4-8. Seeds many, angular, ellipsoid, testa coriaceous with a juicy outer coat. Cotyledons convolute.

No Data

A medium-sized, unarmed, deciduous tree, up to 20 m tall, young shoots generally hairy, bark greyish-white, smooth. Leaves 10-17 × 6-11 cm, somewhat obliquely ovate or elliptic to suborbicular-ovate, acuminate, deeply and sharply serrate, glabrescent above, hairy beneath on veins when young. Inflorescence an axillary or terminal cymes, peduncles c 5 cm long, subcylindrical, hairy when young, becoming thick with sweet red pulp after flowering. Flowers 0.4-0.7 cm across, pedicels 0.2-0.5 cm long. Calyx lobes 0.2-0.3 × 0.1-0.2 cm, whitish, tube conical with raised median ridge inside, somewhat spreading, deciduous. Petals yellowish, obovate, 0.2-0.3 × 0.1-0.2 cm, emarginate. Stamens 0.2-0.3 cm long, enclosed in petals, anthers dorsifixed. Disc lining the calyx tube, hairy, fleshy, flat. Ovary hairy, ovule one in each locule, basal, styles cylindric, 3-fid. Fruits spherical, about 0.8 cm across, 3-celled, 3-seeded, nearly dry, calyx tube adhering to the base. Seeds 0.4-0.5 × 0.5 cm, embryo erect, yellowish, cotyledons orbicular, radicle oval.

No Data

Tree, up to 8 m high, unarmed, branchlets glabrous. Leaves 1.8-10.3 × 1.3-5.2 cm, alternate, lanceolate or ovate-oblong, apex acute, base rounded, crenulate, glabrous, coriaceous, glossy, dark green, basally 3-nerved, petioles 3-9 mm long, stipules filiform, deciduous. Inflorescence axillary fascicles, peduncles 2-3 mm long. Flowers 5-6 mm across, yellowish-green, slightly puberulous, pedicels 4-5 mm long. Calyx lobes 2-3 mm long, glabrous inside. Petals obtriangular with convolute margin, 1-2 mm long, acute or rounded at the apex. Stamens c 3 mm long, filaments flattened. Disc faintly 10-lobed, glabrous, fleshy. Ovary 2-celled, glabrous, styles 2, united to the middle, curved. Fruits globose, 10-11 mm in diameter, 1-2 celled with a sweet gelatinous pulp. Seeds soft, brownish.

No Data

Small to medium-sized tree, erect or spreading with drooping branches. Leaves simple, petiolate, alternate, elliptic-ovate to oblong-elliptic, 2.5-6.5 × 2-4 cm, entire or slightly crenate, glossy and glabrous above, white-tomentose to rusty-tomentose beneath, three prominent veins from the base, stipules spinous, solitary or in pairs, straight or recurved. Inflorescence cymose, axillary. Flowers bisexual, greenish-yellow, pedicellate, pedicels 3-8 mm long. Calyx of 5 sepals, sepals deltoid, hairy outside, glabrous within. Corolla of 5 petals, petals subspathulate, reflexed. Stamens 5. Ovary ovoid, 2-celled, styles bifid. Fruit a drupe, globose to ovoid, green when young, yellowish to reddish when ripe. Seed single, surface tubercled.

A straggling evergreen large shrub or small tree, often climbing, young branches densely tomentose. Leaves simple, alternate, petiolate, 6-15 cm long, suborbicular to elliptic, denticulate, apex almost rounded, base oblique, glabrous above, tomentose beneath, prickles usually solitary, short, base broad, recurved. Flowers densely pubescent, arranged in long pedunculated cymes, forming on the usually leafless branches of long terminal panicles. Sepals 5, tomentose. Petals absent. Disk 5-lobed, hairy. Ovary 2-celled, styles 2, united below the middle. Fruit a drupe, obovoid or globose, 1-seeded.

A tree, up to 25 m high. Stem up to 30 cm in diameter, with grey bark and few small, corky lenticels. Buttresses up to 1 m long. Leaves petiolate, petioles 1.5-4.0 cm long, leaf blade 6-16 × 2-7 cm, elliptic, secondary veins abaxially remote and thin, reticulate veins mostly obscure, base cuneate, apex acute, stipules 2.5-3.5 cm long. Inflorescence of usually 3-flowered cymes. Flowers 10-14 mm long during anthesis, pedicels up to 9 mm long, not auriculated. Calyx tube c 2 mm in diameter, smooth, cup-shaped, not ribbed, lobes usually 8, about as long as the tube, calyx tube in fruit 10-12 mm long, the lobes completely reflexed in fruits, not accrescent. Petals white, soon turning brown, 3-4 mm long, 2-lobed, each lobe with 2 or 3 bristles at the apex, margin fringed with white hairs usually in the lower part. Stamens 1.5-2.5 mm long, anthers slightly apiculate. Ovary basally adnate to the calyx tube, ovules pendulous, styles filiform, 3-4 mm long. Fruit a berry, obconical, unilocular, leathery. Seeds viviparous. Hypocotyls 8-15 cm long, c 5 mm in diameter, cylindrical, often curved.

No Data

A tall-buttressed tree, up to 30 m high. Stem branching sympodially with grey-black, roughly fissured bark. Leaves petiolate, petioles 2-4 cm long, pruinose, leaf blade 7-15 × 3-8 cm, elliptic to elliptic-oblong, cuneate at the base, entire, acute to acuminate at the apex, glabrous, leathery, bright green above, pale beneath, lateral nerves 7-10 pairs, both petioles and stipules often reddish. Flowers solitary, axillary, usually nodding, 3 cm or more long during anthesis, pedicellate, pedicels 1.0-1.5 cm long, pruinose. Calyx reddish, lobes slightly longer than tube, tube ridged in the upper part, lower part usually smooth. Petals shorter than the calyx lobes, bilobed, each lobe about half the length of petal with a single bristle in sinus not longer than lobes, erect tip of the lobes with 2-3 mm long, filiform appendages, margin of the petals fringed with white, easily detachable silky hairs especially at the base, or lobes pubescent or glabrous. Stamens with alternately long and short filaments, anthers linear-oblong, 4-5 mm long, dorsifixed, apiculate. Styles angular towards the base, filiform, stigmatic lobes 3-4, conspicuous. Fruit a berry, 2-4 cm long. Hypocotyls 15-25 cm long, slightly angular, cigar-shaped, apex narrowed, blunt. Seeds viviparous.

An evergreen tree, up to 20 m high. Stem usually 25-30 cm in diameter. Bark grey with few obscure lenticels, smooth. Shallow buttresses from the trunk base, root-knees occasionally with blunt end, pneumatophores present. Leaves petiolate, petioles 1.4-2.0 cm long, yellowish, leaf blade 5-10 × 2-4 cm, exstipulate, glabrous, terete, yellowish, elliptic, bluntly shining above, dull beneath. Inflorescence of 3 to 7-flowered cymes. Peduncles 2-4 cm long, glabrous, terete, yellowish.  Flowers ebracteate, pedicellate, pedicels up to 0.8 cm long, terete, glabrous. Calyx tube 7-10 mm long, yellowish-green, ridged, lobes 8, each c 2 mm long, thick, coriaceous. Corolla lobes as many as calyx lobes, caducous, each c 2 mm long, bilobed, rounded at the apex, white-hairy on the margin at the base, each lobe with usually 3 filiform appendages, sinus with one longer bristle. Stamens with slightly oblong anthers. Styles obscurely 2 to 3-lobed. Fruit a berry, pendulous, up to 2.0 × 0.6 cm. Hypocotyls cylindrical, smooth, usually not longer than 15 cm and c 5 mm in diameter.

A tree, up to 30 m high. Stem up to 35 cm in diameter. Buttresses up to 40 cm high. Bark grey to pale brown, smooth. Stilt roots sometimes present. Leaves petiolate, petioles 1.5-4.0 cm long, glabrous, yellowish, leaf blade 6-12 × 3-5 cm, elliptic to elliptic-oblong, or rarely oblanceolate, base cuneate to rarely obtuse, apex acute, stipules green or yellowish, 3-4 cm long. Flowers 2-4 cm long during anthesis, yellow-brown or reddish, never bright red, pedicels 6-12 mm long, not pruinose. Calyx tube 1.0-1.5 cm long, distinctly ridged throughout, lobes 9-13, c 2 cm long. Petals 1.0-1.5 cm long, densely fringed with easily detachable, white silky hairs along the margin from the base to the apex, apex of lobes shortly reflexed, each lobe usually with 1 filiform appendage, c 1 mm long, rarely appendages 2 or 3 or absent. Stamens 0.7-1.4 cm long, anthers linear. Styles 1.5-2.2 cm long, with 3-4, very short arms. Fruits 1.5-1.8 cm long, fruiting calyx tube distinctly ribbed. Hypocotyls 6 cm or more long, slightly angular, cigar-shaped, apex blunt.

No Data

An evergreen tree, up to 50 m high. Stem up to 70 cm in diameter, resinous, often with adventitious roots, occasionally buttressed. Bark grey to brown, corky, deeply fissured. Leaves petiolate, petioles c 1 cm long, leaf blade 5-16 × 4-10 cm, broadly elliptic, elliptic-obovate or suborbicular, margin entire, often recurved, acute to shortly acuminate or obtuse, thickly coriaceous, glabrous, shining above, with black dots on the undersurface, secondary veins numerous, arching, stipules 1.0-2.5 cm long. Inflorescence of short peduncled trichotomous cymes, peduncles stout. Flowers with short pedicel or sessile, bracteoles 2 or 3, partially connate into a cup. Calyx tube minutely bracteate at the base, 2-3 mm long, 5-8 lobed, lobes narrowly deltoid, 3-4 mm long. Petals white or greenish, equal to the number of calyx lobes, suborbicular, crenate, clawed, c 1 mm long, inserted on the margin of 10- to 16-lobed disk. Stamens 10-16, c 2 mm long. Ovary 5 to 8-locular, sub-inferior to inferior, 2-ovuled in each locule, styles c 2 mm long, stigmas discoid, apically 4 to 8-lobed. Fruits globose, c 7 mm in diameter, 1-celled, pink to red when ripe, crowned by calyx tube. Seed 1, reniform.

No Data

A small evergreen tree or large shrub reaching a height of about 15 m. Stem up to 25 cm in diameter, with a narrow crown and short basal buttresses that appear to develop from the fusion of stilt roots, bark whitish or pale grey, smooth but slightly fissured towards the base, peeling around the buttresses, branches conspicuously jointed with swollen nodes. Leaves petiolate, petioles 1.0-2.5 cm long, leaf blade 5-12 × 3-7 cm, obovate, obovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, clustered at the end of twigs, coriaceous, cuneate at the base, rounded or subemarginate at the apex, glabrous and glossy, stipules 1.5-2.5 cm long, lanceolate. Flowers in head-like, condensed, up to 5-flowered cymes in leaf axils at the upper part of a branch, 5 to 6-merous. Calyx tube c 2 mm long, lobes longer than the tube. Petals white, turning brown, slightly shorter than calyx lobes, folded longitudinally, apex fringed with many filiform appendages. Stamens twice the number of calyx lobes, equal in size, anthers as long as or longer than filaments. Ovary sub-inferior, 3-celled. Fruit an ovoid-conical berry, 1-2 cm long with persistent erect or ascending calyx lobes, blunt basally, warty at the apex. Seeds viviparous. Hypocotyls 9-15 cm long, clavate, angular, sulcate.

No Data

A small evergreen, glabrous tree or large shrub, up to 10 m or more tall, with grey-brown bark and stilt roots from the lower part of the stem. Stem up to 40 cm in diameter, branches conspicuously jointed. Leaves petiolate, petioles 1.5-3.5 cm long, leaf blade 4-10 × 2-7 cm, obovate to obovate-oblong, coriaceous, cuneate at the base, obtuse or slightly emarginate at the apex, margin more or less wavy, yellowish-green, glossy above, stipules lanceolate-oblong, up to 2.5 cm long. Inflorescence a lax peduncled, branched cymes, peduncles 4 to 10-flowered, c 1 cm long. Flowers small, shortly pedicellate, bracteoles obtuse, c 2 mm long. Calyx tube c 2 mm long, lobes 5, triangular-ovate, 3-5 mm long, acute. Petals 5, oblong, c 3 mm long, white, becoming brown later, basally coherent by hooked hairs. Stamens twice the number of calyx lobes, filaments 3-5 mm long, anthers somewhat ovoid, basifixed, shorter than filaments. Ovary semi-inferior, protruding beyond the hypanthium, styles c 2 mm long, stigmas simple. Fruit a berry, ovoid, 1.5-2.5 cm long, with persistent reflexed calyx lobes, pointed basally. Seeds viviparous. Hypocotyls club-shaped, 15-25 cm long, distinctly ridged lengthwise.

A low evergreen tree, up to 8 m high, often shrubby. Stem conically thickened at the base, sometimes with branched stilt roots, bark greyish to reddish-brown, peeling off in smooth flakes, lenticellate. Leaves petiolate, petioles 1-2 cm long, leaf blade 6-12 × 2-5 cm, elliptic-oblong to obovate-oblong, base acute, apex obtuse or rounded, glossy above, lateral nerves 6-7 pairs, prominent on the dorsal surface, stipules linear, c 2 cm long. Inflorescence of dichotomously branched cymes. Flowers white, 1.5-2.0 cm long, pedicels 2-3 mm long, bracteoles 2-4, connate in a cup at the base of the calyx. Calyx cream-coloured, c 1.5 cm long, glabrous, deeply 5- or 6-lobed, lobes linear, acute, c 1.4 cm long, reflexed after anthesis. Petals white, slightly shorter than calyx lobes. Stamens numerous, 6-10 mm long, filaments filiform, anthers lanceolate, c 1 mm long, 2-locular, dehiscing longitudinally. Disk cup-shaped. Ovary with a filiform style, stigmas 3. Fruits ovoid, 2-3 cm long, green, surrounded by the calyx tube at the base. Seed 1, viviparous. Hypocotyls 20-40 cm long, more or less cylindrical, narrowed at the end.

No Data

An evergreen tree, up to 35 m tall with prominent long stilt roots, bark grey, usually with vertical fissures. Leaves petiolate, petioles 1.5-2.5 cm long, usually tinged reddish, leaf blade 7-15 × 3-6 cm, elliptic-oblong to elliptic-lanceolate, cuneate at the base, entire, apiculate-acute and shortly mucronate at the tip, glabrous, dark green above, pale green and brownish-black dotted on lower side, midrib reddish on the under surface. Inflorescence of 2-3 flowered cymes. Peduncles thick, unbranched, usually shorter than petiole, borne in the axils of fallen leaf scars. Flowers sessile, in pairs, yellow, bracteoles cup-shaped, crenulate, fleshy. Calyx lobes c 1.0 × 0.6 cm, ovate, acute, brownish-yellow to reddish. Petals glabrous, linear to oblong-lanceolate, 8-11 mm long, each covering an epipetalous stamen on the back. Stamens with almost sessile, apiculate anthers. Ovary bluntly conical, enclosed by the disk, styles c 1 mm long, stigmas 2-lobed. Fruits up to 3.0 × 1.5 cm, the distal half narrower. Hypocotyls cylindrical, rugose, usually not more than 35 cm long and c 1 cm broad before falling, dull green to purplish. An evergreen tree, up to 35 m tall with prominent long stilt roots, bark grey, usually with vertical fissures. Leaves petiolate, petioles 1.5-2.5 cm long, usually tinged reddish, leaf blade 7-15 × 3-6 cm, elliptic-oblong to elliptic-lanceolate, cuneate at the base, entire, apiculate-acute and shortly mucronate at the tip, glabrous, dark green above, pale green and brownish-black dotted on lower side, midrib reddish on the under surface. Inflorescence of 2-3 flowered cymes. Peduncles thick, unbranched, usually shorter than petiole, borne in the axils of fallen leaf scars. Flowers sessile, in pairs, yellow, bracteoles cup-shaped, crenulate, fleshy. Calyx lobes c 1.0 × 0.6 cm, ovate, acute, brownish-yellow to reddish. Petals glabrous, linear to oblong-lanceolate, 8-11 mm long, each covering an epipetalous stamen on the back. Stamens with almost sessile, apiculate anthers. Ovary bluntly conical, enclosed by the disk, styles c 1 mm long, stigmas 2-lobed. Fruits up to 3.0 × 1.5 cm, the distal half narrower. Hypocotyls cylindrical, rugose, usually not more than 35 cm long and c 1 cm broad before falling, dull green to purplish.

A mangrove tree, up to 30 m high, supported on adventitious prop roots from stem, bark almost black with fissures. Leaves petiolate, petioles 1.5-3.5 cm long, green, leaf blade 9-15 × 5-10 cm, broadly elliptic to elliptic-oblong, cuneate at the base, entire, apical mucro 5-9 mm long, upper surface bright green and lower surface with minute, reddish-black lenticular dots, glabrous, midrib green on the under surface, stipules 3-5 cm long, minutely rugulose, acute. Inflorescence of 2 or more-flowered cymes, buds emerging from the 2-lobed involucre of bracteoles, peduncles 4-6 cm long. Flowers on 4-8 mm long, rugulose, upwardly thickened pedicels, bracteoles orbiculate, 1.5-2.5 mm long, apically truncate. Calyx tube 2-3 mm long, lobes pale-yellow, narrowly ovate, lanceolate, 1.0-1.5 cm long and c 5 mm broad. Petals yellowish-white, oblong, nearly as long as calyx lobes or slightly shorter, densely long villous along the margin and sparsely so on the back. Stamens sessile, anthers 6-8 mm long, apiculate. Ovary conical, emerging far beyond the disk, styles inconspicuous, c 1 mm long, stigmas 2-lobed. Fruits 4-6 × 2.5-4.0 cm, ovoid with a short narrow apex. Hypocotyls prominently rugose, c 3.5 × 1.5 cm.

No Data

A large stout tree, up to 25 m high, crown dense, oval, bark grey to dark grey, shallowly furrowed, young parts brown tomentose. Leaves 8-20 × 3-7 cm, oblong-lanceolate, oblong-elliptic, acuminate, base cuneate, coarsely obtusely serrate or lobulate, glabrous or puberulous along nerves beneath, shining above, nerves 8-12 pairs, petioles stout or slender, c 2.0-4.5 cm long, glabrous. Inflorescence a panicle, 7.5-12.5 cm long and broad, branched from the base, branches rather stout. Flowers white, fragrant, c 1 cm across. Calyx tube obconic, lobes acute or obtuse. Petals orbicular, claw slightly woolly. Stamens c 20, inserted on the calyx limb, filaments subulate. Ovary inferior, styles 2, base very woolly. Fruits c 1.8 cm long, ellipsoid, 1-2 seeded.

A medium-sized tree, up to 10 m tall. Brachlets yellowish-brown, densely rusty tomentose. Stipules subulate, 1.0-1.5 cm long, pubescent, acuminate, petioles short or absent, 6-10 mm long, greyish-brown tomentose, leaf blade lanceolate, oblanceolate, obovate or elliptic-oblong, 12-30 × 3-9 cm, leathery, lateral veins 11-12 pairs, abaxially densely grey rusty-tomentose or glabrate when mature, base cuneate, margin basally entire but apically remotely serrate, apex acute. Inflorescence a panicle, 10-19 cm long, many-flowered, peduncles densely rusty-tomentose, bracts subulate, 0.2-0.5 cm long, densely rusty tomentose. Pedicels short or absent, c 0.2 cm long, rusty tomentose. Flowers fragrant, 1.2-2.0 cm in diameter. Calyx forming a tube, sepals 5, triangular-ovate, c 0.7 × 0.6 cm, abaxially densely rusty tomentose, apex obtuse. Petals 5, quincuncial, off white, oblong or ovate, c 0.7 × 0.5 cm, apex obtuse or emarginated. Stamens 20, filaments c 0.5 cm long, off white, anthers dorsifixed, c 0.2 cm long. Ovary rusty pubescent apically, c 0.3 × 0.4 cm, 5-loculed, 2 ovules in each locule, styles 5, free, c 0.4 cm long. Fruit a pome, yellow or orange-yellow when ripe, globose or obovate, c 3 × 2 cm, initially rusty tomentose, later glabrescent.

No Data

A small to medium-sized tree, usually up to 15 m high, crown lax, oval, branches spreading, bark dark brown or blackish-brown, nearly smooth, branchlets lenticellate. Leaves 5-15 × 1.5-5.0 cm, oblong, lanceolate, ovate-elliptic, abruptly acuminate, often caudate, base acute to rounded, cuneate, hairy when young. Inflorescence terminal, very rarely axillary, lenticellate, panicle corymbose, 2.5-7.0 cm across, deciduous, woody. Flowers dull white, 0.7-1.0 cm across, faintly fragrant, pedicels up to 0.8 cm long, bracts and bracteoles setaceous. Calyx tube broadly obconic, densely or thinly woolly outside, lobes 5, minute, up to 1 cm long, ovate, triangular, as long as the tube, persistent in fruits. Petals 5, contorted in bud, clawed, obovate or suborbicular, entire or notched, hairy or woolly within about the claw. Stamens c 20, filaments slender. Ovary 3- or 2-celled, nearly free and adnate to the calyx tube at the base, often only on one side, villous at the apex, ovules 2 in each cell, collateral, basal, styles 3 or 2, connate half way or more up, stigmas capitate, 2-fid. Fruiting corymb glabrous or glabrate, warty with lenticels. Fruits globose or obovoid-globose, yellowish when ripe, 0.6-0.8 cm across, 1-2 seeded with granular pulp, endocarp membranous. Seeds usually 1-2, planoconvex, testa coriaceous, closely marked on the convex side.

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An evergreen moderate-sized tree, up to 25 m tall, branches slender, young twigs pubescent, older ones glabrescent. Leaves alternate, 6-15 × 3-5 cm, oblong, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous above, sometimes pubescent beneath when very young, basal glands 2, nerves 8-10 pairs, petioles 0.5-1.0 (-1.5) cm long, pubescent when young, glabrescent later, stipules linear, 3-4 mm long, pubescent outside, more or less glabrous inside, margin sometimes glandular, deciduous. Inflorescence in solitary racemes, in axils of leaves or their scars, 2-3 (-7) cm long, pubescent, bracts pubescent outside, more or less glabrous inside, deciduous, pedicels 0.5-1.0 (up to 5) mm long. Flowers 0.6-0.8 cm in diameter, yellowish-white, sweet-scented. Calyx tube obconic or broadly campanulate, calyx lobes 5, rarely 4 or 6, triangular or subulate, tomentose. Petals 5, elliptic or oval, up to 1.4 mm long. Stamens 10-20. Ovary villous (with ring of hairs around insertion). Fruit a drupe, green, through purplish-red to black, ovoid, transversely ellipsoid to didymous, very variable in size, c 1.2-1.8 × 1.4-2.5 cm, glabrous, tipped by remnant of style. Endocarp bony, glabrous.

Trees 6–15 m tall. Branches reddish brown, unarmed or with a few spines, glabrous; branchlets pale red to grayish green, sparsely pubescent. Winter buds reddish brown, usually glabrous. Stipules linear, margin glandular, apex acuminate. Petiole 1–2 cm, densely pubescent; leaf blade dark green, elliptic to obovate, 4–10 × 2.5–5 cm, abaxially pubescent, adaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent on veins, base cuneate to occasionally broadly cuneate and with a pair of nectaries, margin remote crenate, apex acute to obtuse; secondary veins 5–7 on either side of midvein. Flowers solitary or to 3 in a fascicle, on apex of short branchlets, 1–1.5 cm in diam. Pedicel 1–1.2 cm, glabrous or pubescent. Hypanthium outside pubescent. Sepals ovate, outside pubescent, margin entire, apex acute. Petals white or occasionally greenish, obovate, base cuneate, apex rounded to obtuse. Drupe red, purple, green, or yellow, usually globose to oblong, rarely subglobose, 1–2.5 cm in diam., often glaucous; endocarp broadly ellipsoid, pitted.

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A shrub or much-branched tree, glabrous. Leaves stipulate, stipules band-shaped and mucronate or triangular, petioles up to 2 cm long, glabrous, elliptic, lamina 8-15 × 3-5 cm, apex acuminate, base narrowed to petiole. Inflorescence with one normal leaf at the node opposed by a filiform deciduous scale, few to many scented flowers on short peduncle with dense short deltoid bracteoles. Flowers 4- or 5-merous, pedicels glabrous. Corolla glabrous or puberulous, funnel-shaped, margin denticulate. Stigmas clavate, styles within the corolla tube, ovules 2 in each locule. Fruits glabrous. Seeds angular, compressed.

A small to large tree. Leaves stipulate, stipules triangular, 5-6 mm long, apex usually acuminate, petioles up to 1.5 cm long, lamina narrowly elliptic, glabrous, 9-25 × 2.5-9.0 cm, apex acute, base obtuse to acute, lateral nerves 6-12 pairs. Inflorescence corymbose cyme. Flowers densely pubescent, divaricate, slender. Calyx up to 4 cm long, densely pubescent, limb shorter. Corolla tube 2-4 mm long, glabrous externally, throat hairy inside, lobes lanceolate, 4-6 mm long, reflexed, with a line of fine hairs externally. Anthers linear, 4-6 mm long, filaments short. Stigmas linear, clavate, styles 3-4 mm long. Fruit a berry, up to 5 mm in diameter.

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A shrub or small tree, up to 6 m tall, usually armed with short spines. Leaves elliptic to obovate or oblanceolate, lamina 2-8 × 1.5-4.0 cm, coriaceous, glabrous, apex obtuse to slightly apiculate, base cuneate, stipules narrowly triangular, up to 4 mm long, petioles up to 0.8 mm long. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx short, 0.8-1.5 mm long, glabrous, lobes shortly triangular, up to 0.5 mm long. Corolla white, hypocrateriform, tube up to 5 mm long, outside glabrous, inside with a ring of hairs in the throat, lobes oblong, up to 8 mm long, glabrous, recurved. Stamens exserted, recurved, anthers linear, up to 7 mm long. Styles up to 5 mm long, stigmas up to 7 mm long, fusiform. Fruits globose, up to 1 cm in diameter, ripening red.

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A small tree. Leaves stipulate, stipules with broad base, subulate at the apex, petioles short, distichous, lamina 10-15 × 3.8-7.0 cm, elliptic, ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, entire, obtuse to abruptly acuminate, thinly coriaceous, glabrous, lateral nerves 5-7 pairs. Flowers 5-merous in short peduncles, glabrous, rather lax cymes. Calyx glabrous. Corolla tube subglobose, corolla lobes spreading, as long as the tube. Stigmas mitriform, notched. Fruits large, ellipsoid, 1.8-2.5 cm long.

A scrambling shrub or a small tree, up to 3 m tall. Stem slender, spines hooked. Leaves small, less than 3 cm long, ovate, subacute without a prolonged tip, lower surface pubescent or hirsute on veins, secondary veins 3-4 pairs, sunken above, tertiary vein obscure, petioles short, pubescent. Flowers 5-merous, subsessile. Fruits larger.

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A small tree or large shrub. Leaves stipulate, stipules deltoid to narrowly triangular with marginal glands, petioles short, lamina broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 6-19 × 2.5-9.0 cm, glabrous above, pubescent beneath, apex acute to long acuminate, base rounded to subcordate. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, simple or branched with 1-7 heads, peduncles short, bracteoles spathulate to filiform-clavate. Flowers on a globose head above 12 mm across. Calyx tube and hypanthium 2-3 mm long, lobes shallow, glabrous. Corolla 5-12 mm long, tube sparsely pubescent inside, lobes oblong, 1-2 mm long, glabrous. Stamens 4. Styles 6-10 mm long, exserted, stigmas clavate. Fruiting head 10-20 mm long, fruiting cocci 4-8 mm long. Seeds 3-7 mm long.

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An elegant small tree. Leaves stipulate, stipules broadly ovate, acuminate, lamina ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 10-18 × 4.0-8.5 cm, apex acute, base truncate, both sides glabrous to slightly pubescent. Inflorescence peduncled, with 6-8 heads, 15-25 mm across corollas. Bracteoles slender, clavate-spathulate. Calyx tube and hypanthium 2-3 mm long, sparsely pubescent, lobes semi-circular, thickened on back below the apex. Corolla 5-8 mm long, tube outside glabrous, inside pubescent, lobes oblong, 1-2 mm long, with black gland in each sinus. Styles 4-6 mm long, exserted. Fruiting head 10-20 mm in diameter, fruiting cocci 4-6 mm long. Seeds 3-5 mm long.

A small tree or shrub. Leaves stipulate, stipules triangular, cuspidate, deciduous, petioles 5-15 mm long, young branches armed, lateral shoots sometimes ending in a thorn, lamina elliptic-ovate or oblanceolate, acute to acuminate, cuneate or narrowed at the base, glabrous. Flowers dimorphic, male flowers fasciculate, in clusters of up to 20, pedicels up to 1 mm long. Calyx cupuliform, glabrous, lobes obsolete. Corolla tubular, narrowly campanulate, tube 8-9 × 3-4 mm, lobes transversely oblong, 2.2-3.8 × 1.8-2.5 mm. Anthers subsessile, up to 4.3 mm long, tip exserted. Ovary abortive, styles 4.5 mm long. Female flowers solitary, calyx foliaceous, calyx lobes 4.5-5.0 × 2.0-2.4 mm, anthers up to 3.4 mm long, styles longer, ovary 5-chambered. Fruits subglobose, ellipsoid, obscurely 5-angled.

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An armed deciduous tree. Leaves thickly chartaceous, decussate, dimorphic, stipulate, stipules intra-petiolar, connate into a sheath, ovate, caducous, petioles short, 4-10 mm long, lamina of lower branches ovate, 1.5-2.5 × 0.8-1.5 cm, of upper branches 4-9 × 2.5 cm, attenuate at the base, acute-apiculate at the apex, hispid above, hirsute below. Flowers 5-merous, dimorphic, male flowers fasciculate, in clusters of 3-4 flowered fascicles, female flowers solitary. Calyx campanulate, teeth smaller. Corolla tubular, lobes obovate. Stigmas club-shaped. Fruits globose, turgid, 5 × 4 cm.

A large shrub or small tree with spreading branchlets. Leaves 13-17 × 3.0-6.5 cm, glabrous, ovate-oblong, shining, shortly acuminate, base narrowed to a short petiole, stipules broadly lanceolate, cuspidate, lateral nerves 10-12 on each side, looped and with large gland pits. Flowers many in fascicles, subtended by foliaceous bracts. Calyx truncate. Corolla funnel-shaped, tube slender, lobes oblong. Drupes purple, oblong with 2 pyrenes. Seeds grooved.

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A small tree. Leaves stipulate, stipules triangular, acute, petioles short, up to 2 cm long, lamina lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, 8-16 × 4-5 cm, acuminate, base narrowed, cuneate, glabrous and shining above, pale beneath. Cymes dense on fallen leaf axils. Flowers greenish-yellow. Calyx teeth enlarged after flowering. Corolla lobes much longer than the tube, tube up to 12 mm long, throat villous, lobes up to 4 mm long, linear-oblong. Stamens oblong, linear. Berries large, spherical, smooth, exceeding 2 cm across and crowned with a characteristic accrescent disk. Seeds compressed, 8-10.

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A deciduous tree. Leaves glabrous, stipulate, stipules connate, lanceolate, petioles short, up to 1 cm long, lamina 6-20 × 3-10 cm, obovate, obscurely crenate towards the apex, base attenuated, margin curved. Flowers solitary, fragrant, axillary. Calyx limb cylindrical, shining, thin. Corolla white, tube 5-10 cm long, puberulous, limb 7-10 cm in diameter, lobes 5, single, broad angled, caducous. Fruits up to 2.5 cm long, ellipsoid, smooth between the ribs.